NEET ( Digestion and absorption )

Digestion and absorption is an important chapter of class 11 th ( chapter no

16 NCERT ) it’s also includes in the syllabus of NEET in human physiology

About digestion and absorption

The digestion system of human consists of an alimentary canal and associated digestives glands. alimentary canal consists of the mouth , buccalcavity , pharynx , stomach small intestine and large intestine rectum and the anus.the accessory digestive gland include the salivary glands , liver and the pancreas. Inside the mouth teeth masticate the food, the tongue taste the food and manipulate it for proper mastication by mixing with The Saliva. Saliva contains starch digestive enzyme, salivary amylase that digest the starch and convert it into maltose. the food then passes into the pharynx and enters the oesophagus in the form of bolus.which is further carried down through the oesophagus by peristalsis into the stomach . In stomach protein digestion take place. Absorption of simple sugars alcohol and medicines also takes place in the stomach.

the chyme ( food ) enters into the duedonum portion of the small intestine and is acted on by the pancreatic juice , bile and finally by the enzyme in the succus entericus , so that the digestion of carbohydrates , proteins , and fats is completed. The food then enter into the jejunum and ileum portion of the small intestine. Carbohydrates are digested and converted into monosaccharide like glucose . Proteins finally broken down into amino acids . The fats are converted to fatty acids and glycerol. The digested end products are absorbed into the body through the epithelial linning of the intestinal villi. The undigested food enters into the caceum of the large intestine through ileo ceacal wave , which prevents the back flow of the faecal matter. Most of the water is absorbed in the large intestine . The undigested food becomes solid in nature and then enters into the rectum , anal canal and is finally egested out through anus

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